Ideology is a word that has many meanings, but in general terms the most used meaning is what would be or is ideal .
It is common for people to use the term in the sense of thoughts, doctrines, set of ideas or worldviews of a particular person or group, in relation to their social or political environment.
Ideology has different meanings in the fields of philosophy and sociology , but at the same time they interact with each other. In philosophy, the concept is related to the sensory notion that the individual has of the world around him, creating new ideas from there. In sociology, it concerns a set of ideas founded by a social group, which defend their own or social interests.
In its beginnings, the concept of the term ideology was the science of ideas. It was created and used for the first time by Destutt de Tracy, being extensively worked on by Karl Marx some time later.
MEANING OF IDEOLOGY
The word ideology is a combination of ideo + logia whose meaning is the study of ideas.
The term ideology is classified in Portuguese as a feminine noun, in the plural, ideologies, and the words values and thought are synonymous.
The following are some examples of ideologies that have become better known.
The democratic ideology , today the most widespread in Western countries, defends the participation of the people in the electoral process. Society has the right to choose its representatives. It originated in ancient Greece.
Capitalist ideology , now spread not only in the West, but throughout the world, had its beginnings in Europe, with the objective of privileging the bourgeois social group, aiming at profit and enrichment.
The communist ideology , which has lost some of the strength it had, refuses to accept that the means of production belong to private properties, and defends that they are social, that is, they belong to the population itself.
The fascist ideology that was implanted by a political regime that emerged in Europe between the years 1919 to 1945, and had authoritarianism, idealism and nationalism as its characteristics.
And the anarchist ideology which is a kind of movement against any form of government, marriage, police, traditional school, that is, anything that is related to authority. It advocates an existence based on solidarity, mutual help, responsibility and self-discipline.
IDEOLOGY IN PHILOSOPHY
Ideology has always been heavily worked on in philosophy. Parmenides, Plato, Descartes, Kant and Hegel discussed in depth the origin and concept of ideas, culminating in Plato’s creation of the theory of ideas. However, Karl Marx came up with a slightly different definition from his predecessors, which ended up giving a new meaning to the term.
KARL MARX’S IDEOLOGY
Karl Marx sees ideology under a critical eye, because according to him, it is capable of causing alienation and domination of the human mind only through persuasion, that is, without the use of physical force. In this way, it would work as a false idea to alleviate suffering and conflicts, especially between different social classes, in which there is domination of one over the other. Still according to Marx, ideology in this case would be an attempt to assuage the desires of the dominated class, despite what it should be.
GENDER IDEOLOGY
Gender ideology defends that human sexuality is part of social and cultural constructions, and not biologically defined. According to her, the human being is born neutral and after reaching a certain level of consciousness and according to the coexistence in his social environment, he himself will be able to choose his sexual gender.
Another feature of this ideolog is the concept that there could be multiple genders, not just female and male, and that each human being could choose the gender that best fits their way of life.
IDEOLOGY IN SOCIOLOGY
The sociological ideology defends the end of economic inequalities between social groups. It is divided into several other currents, including scientific, Marxist , communist and anarchist currents
All of them are based on the creation of a common sense in relation to social changes, mainly with regard to the transformation of the economic model. This new model of socialist consciousness would depend on several factors, such as, for example, the transfer of the means of production belonging to the propertied classes to the population and the radical transformation of the political system.
